HEDGE海聚留学|为什么和黑人抗争相反，美国华裔从内心到行动都“假装”自己是白人？( 三 )
Because of this increasing resentment, Chinese immigrants were subject to great mistreatment and forcedaway from gold mines and into urban communities, the first Chinatowns. However, even after white laborers’ issues with Chinese immigrants were resolved, sinophobia continued from both grassroots movements and politicians fordecades. Blatantly dehumanizing Chinese immigrants, Sen. John F. Miller ofCalifornia, a proponent of the Chinese Exclusion Act, called Chinese workers“machine-like…of obtuse nerve, but little affected by heat or cold, wiry, sinewy, with muscles of iron” when describing how they worked in mines; at thesame time, white laborers “persisted in their stereotyping of the Chinese as degraded, exotic, dangerous, and competitors for jobs and wages” (Wu).
In responseto the concerns of the American people, the federal government passed the ChineseExclusion Act in 1882. The act prohibited any Chinese laborers from entering the country or reentering if they had left. Initially, it was only meant to last 10 years, but was extended 3 times to ultimately be repealed 61 yearslater in 1943. In this time span, Chinese communities were drastically affected:
[The exclusion law] significantly decreased the number of Chinese immigrants into the United States and forbade those who left to return. According to the U.S. national census in 1880, there were 105,465 Chinese in the United States, compared with 89,863 by 1900 and 61,639 by 1920. Chinese immigrants were placed under a tremendous amount of government scrutiny and were often denied entry into the country on any possible grounds… Families were forced apart, and businesses were closed down.(Wu).
【HEDGE海聚留学|为什么和黑人抗争相反，美国华裔从内心到行动都“假装”自己是白人？】The passing of the Exclusion Act makes it clear that sinophobia in America started from a systemic level and is to blame for the issues that have affected Asian communities for the past century. Although Asian Americans did what they could to resist the government and protest when the policy firstpassed, their efforts were powerless in the bigger picture. After facing systemic discrimination for decades upon decades, it would be difficult tocontinue looking at one’s own people with pride. This in part explains how the need to assimilate to dominant culture started.
Works Cited
1. Fang, Jenn. "The Decade in AsianAmerica." NBC News, 30 Dec.2019. NBC News, www.nbcnews.com/news/asian-america/decade-asian-america-n1108581.Accessed 27 Apr. 2020.
2. Lee,Elizabeth. First Asian American PresidentialCandidate Scrutinized by Asian Americans. Federal Information & NewsDispatch, LLC, Washington, 2019. ProQuest,https://search-proquest-com.newtrier.idm.oclc.org/docview/2305097102?accountid=36487.
3. Office of the Historian, Foreign ServiceInstitute. "Chinese Immigration and the Chinese Exclusion Acts." Office of the Historian,history.state.gov/
milestones/1866-1898/chinese-immigration.Accessed 28 May 2020.
4. Wu, Yuning. "Chinese Exclusion Act."Encyclopedia Britannica, 13 Nov.2013, www.britannica.com/topic/Chinese-Exclusion-Act. Accessed 16 May 2020.
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