材料|你知道蜡烛是用什么材料制作的吗?专注双语阅读,长知识,长见识( 二 )
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Although the materials that comprise a candle have changed through the years, the art of candlemaking has remained surprisingly similar to the original production processes. Candle wicks were, at first, made of reeds or rushes; eventually, various natural fibers were used. In 1824, Frenchman Jean-Jacques Cambaraceres introduced an important refinement in wick technology with the plaited wick, which burned more evenly than unplaited wicks. Twisted or plaited cotton still makes up most wicks today.
尽管构成蜡烛的材料多年来已经发生了变化 , 但蜡烛制作的技术 , 令人惊讶的是 , 与原始生产过程相似 。起初 , 烛芯是由芦苇或灯芯草制成的; 最终 , 采用了各种天然纤维制作烛芯 。1824年 , 法国人让·雅克·坎巴雷斯雷斯用编织的灯芯对灯芯技术进行了重要的改进 , 其燃烧比未折叠的灯芯均匀得多 。如今 , 大多数棉花芯仍然是扭曲或编结的棉线 。
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Animal or vegetable fats were used for the first candles. As candlemaking technology progressed, beeswax became widely used, mainly because of its pleasing odor and the absence of the mess that melting fats produced.
最初的蜡烛使用动物或植物脂肪制作 。随着蜡烛技术的进步 , 蜂蜡被广泛使用 , 主要是因为其令人愉悦的气味 , 以及不存在熔化脂肪时变得凌乱 。
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After the Revolutionary War, the whaling industry in America skyrocketed.
革命战争之后 , 美国的捕鲸业猛增 。
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The sperm whale was also used for its spermaceti—the wax taken from the oil of this huge mammal. This wax was used extensively as the fishing industry began to expand.
抹香鲸的鲸油也被人类用来做成蜡烛 , 蜡是从这种巨大的哺乳动物的油中提取的蜡 。随着渔业的发展 , 这种蜡被广泛使用 。
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The spermaceti candle was popular because it had no acrid odor, did not soften in summer temperatures, and burned evenly.
鲸油蜡烛之所以受欢迎 , 是因为它没有刺激性的气味 , 在夏季温度下不会软化 , 并且燃烧均匀 。
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Ozokerite, a colorless mineral hydrocarbon wax with a high melting point, was also popular in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. As candle technology advanced, animal fats were separated, leaving behind more desirable solid fatty acids such as stearine that had no odor and gave a brighter light.
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