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综艺大集合|揭秘：人的个性会跟着春秋增长而改变吗？( 二 )


密歇根州立大学的心理学系主任布伦特·唐纳伦教授称 ， 这种不乱模式大约在三岁开始形成 ， 甚至可能更早 。 心理学家对儿童进行研究时 ， 他们不会像对待成人一样测评人格 ， 而是会观察性情 ， 也就是一个人对世界作出反应的强烈程度 。 我们生成就有各自的性情 ， 研究表明 ， 我们儿时的性情和成人后的个性特质有关 ， 好比我们是否随和或轻易发脾气 ， 愿不愿意接触陌生人 。
Earlier temperament seems to affect later life experience. For example, one 1995 study published in the journal Child Development followed children from the age of 3 until the age of 18. The researchers found, for instance, that children who were shyer and more withdrawn tended to grow into unhappier teenagers.
早年的性情好像会对以后的生活经历造成影响 。 举例而言 ， 1995年发表在《儿童发育》期刊上的一项研究对儿童进行了跟踪调查 ， 从3岁跟踪到18岁 。 研究职员发现 ， 比较害羞和内向的孩子通常会长成不太快乐的青少年 。
But those decades add up. Throughout all those years, our personality is still changing, but slowly, Roberts said. "It"s something that"s subtle," he added. You don"t notice it on that five-to-10-year time scale, but in the long term, it becomes pronounced. In 1960, psychologists surveyed over 440,000 high school students. The students answered questions about everything from how they reacted to emotional situations to how efficiently they got work done. Fifty years later, researchers tracked down 1,952 of these former students and gave them the same survey. The results, published in 2018 in the Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, found that in their 60s, participants scored much higher than they had as teenagers on questions measuring calmness, self-confidence, leadership and social sensitivity.
但是一个又一个十年会对个性产生影响 。 罗伯茨称 ， 我们的个性在这些年间仍旧会改变 ， 不外是缓慢地改变 。 他增补道：“这是微妙的变化 。 ”五年到十年内你留意不到 ， 但是长期来看 ， 就很显著 。 1960年 ， 心理学家对逾44万名高中生进行了调查 。 这些学生回答了各种题目 ， 从对情绪状况的反应到完成工作的效率 。 五十年后 ， 研究职员跟踪调查了1952名当年的这些学生 ， 并对他们进行了同样的调查 。 这项2018年发表在《个性与社会心理学期刊》的研究结果发现 ， 这些年逾六十的参与者在衡量冷静、自信、领导力和社会敏感度的问卷得分比他们青少年时得分高得多 。
Again and again, longitudinal studies have found similar results. Personality tends to get "better" over time. Psychologists call it "the maturity principle." People become more extraverted, emotionally stable, agreeable and conscientious as they grow older. Over the long haul, these changes are often pronounced.
各项纵向研究一次又一次地得出了相似的结果 。 跟着时间流逝 ， 人们的个性通常会“变好” 。 心理学家将其称之为“成熟法则” 。 跟着春秋增长 ， 人们变得更外向 ， 情绪更不乱 ， 更随和 ， 也更有责任心 。 长期来看 ， 这些改变通常很显著 。
Some individuals might change less than others, but in general, the maturity principle applies to everyone. That makes personality change even harder to recognize in ourselves — how your personality compares with that of your peers doesn"t change as much as our overall change in personality, because everyone else is changing right along with you. "There"s good evidence that the average self-control of a 30-year-old is higher than a 20-year-old," Donnellan said. "At the same time, people who are relatively self-controlled at 18 also tend to be relatively self-controlled at age 30."


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