in|备战2021高考英语——说明文阅读及解题技巧及实战训练真题( 二 )
39.词义猜测题 。 根据前半句"And contrary to existing research that says you should avoid eating with heavier people who order large portions（份）"可知 ， 现有的研究认为：你应该避免和体重较重、点大份饭菜的人一起吃饭 。 后半句认为 ， 你真正应该避免的是the beanpoles with big appetites 。 由contrary to可推断出 ， 画线词和heavier people（超重的人）相反 ， 结合选项 ， D选项（瘦瘦高高的人）正好和heavier people正好相反 。 故选D 。
40.推理判断题 。 根据第二段的"To test the effect of social influence on eating habits, the researchers conducted two experiments"可知 ，为了测试社会影响对饮食习惯的影响 ， 研究人员进行了两个实验 。 根据倒数第三段的内容可知 ， 在两个实验中 ， 胖的和瘦的演员都吃了大量的食物 。 参与者也照做 ， 吃的食物比平常多 。然而 ， 当演员是瘦的时候 ， 参与者们服用的食物更多 。 由此推断 ， 研究人员雇用演员是为了看看她如何影响参与者 。 故选A 。
41.推理判断题 。 根据最后一段中的"If an overweight person is having a large portion, I'll hold back a bit because I see the results of his eating habits. But if a thin person eats a lot, I'll follow suit. If he can eat much and keep slim, why can't I? "可知 ， 如果一个超重的人吃很大一份 ， 我会忍住一点 ， 因为我看到了他饮食习惯的结果 。 但如果一个瘦的人吃很多 ， 我会跟着做 。 如果他吃得多保持苗条 ， 为什么我不能呢？ 因此推断我们是根据我们对他人的看法（即：如何看待他人）来调整影响的 。 故选C 。
实训二（2020年 ， 全国卷I）
The connection between people and plants has long been the subject of scientific research. Recent studies have found positive effects. A study conducted in Youngstown ， Ohio ， for example, discovered that greener areas of the city experienced less crime. In another ， employees were shown to be 15% more productive when their workplaces were decorated with houseplants.
The engineers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology(MIT)have taken it a step further changing the actual composition of plants in order to get them to perform diverse ， even unusual functions. These include plants that have sensors printed onto their leaves to show when they're short of water and a plant that can detect harmful chemicals in groundwater. ＂We're thinking about how we can engineer plants to replace functions of the things that we use every day,＂explained Michael Strano, a professor of chemical engineering at MIT.
One of his latest projects has been to make plants glow(发光)in experiments using some common vegetables. Strano's team found that they could create a faint light for three-and-a-half hours. The light ， about one-thousandth of the amount needed to read by ， is just a start. The technology, Strano said, could one day be used to light the rooms or even to turn trees into self-powered street lamps.
In the future ， the team hopes to develop a version of the technology that can be sprayed onto plant leaves in a one-off treatment that would last the plant's lifetime. The engineers are also trying to develop an on and off＂switch＂where the glow would fade when exposed to daylight.
Lighting accounts for about 7% of the total electricity consumed in the US. Since lighting is often far removed from the power source(电源)-such as the distance from a power plant to street lamps on a remote highway-a lot of energy is lost during transmission(传输).Glowing plants could reduce this distance and therefore help save energy.
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