时态与被动语态讲义过去完成时的被动语态 _小知识

过去完成时的被动语态（时态与被动语态讲义）
被动语态是动词的一种特别情势，表现句子中的主语是动作的蒙受者，汉语往往用“被”、“受”、“给”等词来表现被动意义。
1. 被动语态的各种时态
被动语态（The Passive Voice）是动词的一种情势，表现主语是谓语动词的蒙受者。

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以keep为例：

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其他构造的被动语态：

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1）一般现在时 The boy is called Johnson.
2）一般过去时 Where were you educated?
3）一般将来时 The result will not be announced until 6 o’clock.
4）现在进行时 The road is being repaired.
5）过去进行时 He was being looked after by his sister.
6）现在完成时 She hasn’t been told about it yet.
7）过去完成时 She told me that the factory had been closed down.
8）将来完成时 This project will have been completed by the end of this year.
2. 自动语态变被动语态须要注意的几个问题.
（1）时态坚持一致。
The teacher punished him many times for his lateness.
He has been punished many times for his lateness.
（2）谓语为动词短语的被动语态不能丢掉动词短语的介词或副词。
His best friend often looks after him.
被动语态He is often looked after by his best friend.
（3）自动语态中若有双宾语,将其中一个宾语变为被动句的主语,另一个宾语不变。动词make/buy/mend/get用for;动词
give/show/pass/send/lend/bring/take用to)
Vivian gave me a book.
(被动1) I was given a book by Vivian.
(被动2) A book was given to me by Vivian.
（4）自动语态若有复合宾语，（即句子构造为主＋Vt＋宾＋宾补），将自动句的宾语变为被动句的主语，宾补不变。
They call him Louis.
被动语态:He is called Louis.
（5）自动语态句中动词make, have, let(使sb做sth), notice. see. watch, look at, hear, listen to, feel等变成被动语态时，后面的不定式须要加上to.
Mr. Lee made him wash the dishes.
被动语态:He was made to wash the dishes.
（6）自动情势表被动.
The poem reads well.
（7）有些动词不能用于被动语态 take place/happen/come true/break down/break out等。
All your dreams will come true if you try your best.
3.不同时态的被动句
(1) 一般现在时的被动语态
I am not so easily deceived. 我不会轻易受骗上当的。
Computers are widely used in the world.
盘算机在世界规模内得到普遍运用。
(2) 一般过去时的被动语态
The car was seriously damaged. 汽车受到严重破坏。
Printing was introduced into Europe from China.
印刷术是由中国传入欧洲的。
(3) 现在进行时的被动语态
The question is being discussed at the meeting.
这个问题现在正在会上讨论。
The children are being taken care of by their aunt.
孩子们现在正由其姑妈照看。
(4) 过去进行时的被动语态
When I called, tea was being served.
当我来访时，正值上茶之际。
When they arrived ， the experiments were being made.
他们达到时，试验正在进行。
(5) 现在完成时的被动语态
The meeting has been put off. 会议已被推迟了。
The party has been planned since the new year.
这次聚首自新年起就已计划了。
【时态与被动语态讲义过去完成时的被动语态】(6) 过去完成时的被动语态
By the end of last month,he had been robbed at least three times.
到上月底，他已被抢了至少三次。
(7) 将来完成时的被动语态
It is said that the building will have been completed before September.
据说大楼将于九月前竣工。
This class will have been taught by Mr Brown for two years by next summer.
到明年夏天，布朗先生在这两个班执教已有两年了。
2. 含有情态动词的被动语态
Water mustn t be wasted. 绝不能糟蹋水。
Electric energy can be changed into light enery.
电能可以改变成光能。
Cross the road very carefully. Look both ways, or you might be knocked down.
过马路时要特殊当心，要往两边看，不然会被撞倒。