时态与被动语态讲义 过去完成时的被动语态( 二 )


3. Get+过去分词构成的被动语态
Get+过去分词也可以构成被动语态 , 用这种构造的句子着重于动作的成果而不是动作本身 。如:
The man got hurt on his way home. 那个男人在回家的路上受伤了 。
Mary is going to get married. 玛丽预备结婚了 。
How did the glass get broken? 杯子怎么破了?
4. 短语动词的被动语态
(1) 动词+介词
This matter has been talked about recently.
这件事近来一直被谈论着 。
Such a thing has never been heard of before.
这样的事从未被听说过 。
The old man was looked after carefully. 那位老人被精心照料着 。
He has never been listened to. 人家从不听他的话 。
(2) 动词+副词
The sports meeting was put off. 活动会被推迟了 。
A short play will be put on by them at the party.
一个短剧将要由他们在晚会上演出 。
What he said must be thought over. 他说的话必需细心思考 。
(3) 其他短语动词
Privileges must be done away with. 特权必需被撤消 。
The light has just been turned off. 灯刚被关上 。
Their plans are being carried out. 他们的筹划正在履行中 。
5. “主+动+宾+宾补”句型变为被动构造
这种句型有两个宾语 , 一般地说一为间接宾语 , 一为直接宾语 。变为被动构造时 , 只将自动构造中的一个宾语变为被动构造中的主语 , 另一宾语不变 。
We call him Xiao Wang. 我们叫他小王 。(自动句)
He was called Xiao Wang. 他被叫做小王 。(被动句)
He painted the table green. 他把桌子漆成了绿色 。(自动句)
The table was painted green. 桌子被漆成了绿色 。(被动句)
6. “主+动+that从句”句型的被动句
有些以that从句作宾语的自动句可以转换成两种情势的被动句 。如:
People say that he is the richest man in the city.
人们说他是全市头号富翁 。
→It is said that he is the richest man in the city.
据说他是全市头号富翁 。
→He is said to be the richest man in the city.
据说他是全市头号富翁 。
当说话人以为自动句的主语无关紧要 , 或者不清晰谁是谓语动作的发出者时 , 便常常应用上述情势的被动句 。如:
It was reported that the boy had been found.
据报道 , 男孩已被找到 。
The boy was reported to have been found.
据报道 , 男孩已被找到 。
常用于上述被动句型的动词有:acknowledge, assume, believe, claim, consider, declare, estimate, expect, find, know, presume, report, say, think等 。
7. 含有被动意义的自动语态
英语中有一些表现被动意义的自动句 , 其谓语所表现的不是主语的动作 , 而是其内在的性能 。这种句子的特色是:主语为无性命名词 , 谓语动词为一般现在时;确定句必需带方法状语;否认句的谓语可以带情态动词 。如:
She is to blame. 她应当受到责怪 。
The house is to rent. 这个房子要出租 。
Food can keep fresh in a fridge. 食物放在冰箱里能保鲜 。
The pen writes smoothly. 这支钢笔很好写 。
The cloth feels soft. 这布摸上去很柔软 。
The cake tastes good. 这蛋糕很好吃 。



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