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无糖无脂肪碳酸饮料会导致发胖吗?无糖饮料更容易发胖( 二 )


Sweeteners are consumed by millions every day in products like diet soda, partly as a way to avoid weight gain from sugar -- but how healthy these substitutes are themselves has long been a matter of controversy.
每天有数百万人从无糖汽水等食品中摄入甜味剂，部分原因是为了避免因糖而增加体重--但这些替代品本身有多健康长期以来一直是一个有争议的问题 。
substitute
1）作名词，表示“代替者；代替物；代用品”，英文解释为“a person or thing that you use or have instead of the one you normally use or have”，如：a meat substitute 肉食替代品 。
2）作动词，表示“用…代替，代之以”，英文解释为“to use something or someone instead of another thing or person”举个：
You can substitute oil for butter in this recipe.
这道菜中你可以用食用油代替黄油 。
controversy
表示“争议；争论；争辩”，英文解释为“a lot of disagreement or argument about something, usually because it affects or is important to many people”举个：
There was a big controversy surrounding/over the use of drugs in athletics.
体育界对使用违禁药物争议很大 。
To assess the cancer risk of sweeteners, researchers analysed the data of more than 100,000 people in France who self-reported their diet, lifestyle and medical history in intervals between 2009-2021 as part of the NutriNet-Sante study.
为了评估甜味剂的癌症风险，作为NutriNet-Sante研究的一部分，研究人员分析了法国十万多人的数据，这些人在2009-2021年期间每隔一段时间报告自己的饮食、生活方式和病史 。
They then compared consumption to the rate of cancer, while adjusting for other variables such as smoking, poor diet, age and physical activity.
然后，他们比较了甜味剂摄入情况和癌症发病率，同时调整其他变量，如吸烟、不良饮食、年龄和体育活动 。
variable
表示“可变情况；变量；可变因素”，英文解释为“a situation, number or quantity that can vary or be varied”举个：
With so many variables, it is difficult to calculate the cost.
有这么多的可变因素，很难计算出成本 。
补充：
constant作名词，表示“常数；常量”，英文解释为“a number or quantity that does not vary” 。
The participants who consumed the largest amount of sweeteners, "beyond the median amount, had an increased cancer risk of 13 percent compared to non-consumers," Mathilde Touvier, research director at France's INSERM institute and the study's supervisor, told AFP.
法国INSERM研究所的研究主管和该研究的指导教师玛蒂尔德·图维耶（Mathilde Touvier）告诉法新社（AFP）采访人员，甜味剂摄入量最多的参与者，“超过中位数，与不摄入甜味剂的人相比，癌症风险增加了13% 。”
The study, published in the journal PLOS Medicine, said that a higher cancer risk was particularly seen with sweeteners aspartame and acesulfame potassium -- both used in many soft drinks including Coke Zero.
发表在《PLOS医学》杂志上的这项研究说，甜味剂阿斯巴甜（aspartame）和安赛蜜（acesulfame potassium）的癌症风险尤其高，这两种甜味剂在包括零度可乐（Coke Zero）在内的许多软饮料中使用 。
aspartame
aspartame /s.p.tem/ 表示“天（门）冬氨酰苯丙氨酸甲酯，阿司帕坦（一种低热量人工甜味剂）；阿斯巴甜代糖（常用作减肥食品、饮料的人造甜味添加剂）”，英文解释为“a very sweet substance that contains very little energy and is used instead of sugar to make drinks and foods sweet”
soft drink
表示“（不含酒精的）软饮料；汽水”，英文解释为“a cold, usually sweet, drink that does not contain alcohol”
Out of the 103,000 participants, 79 percent were women and 37 percent consumed artificial sweeteners.
在10.3万名参与者中，79%是女性，37%食用人工甜味剂 。
Soft drinks accounted for more than half of the artificial sweeteners consumed, while table-top sweeteners represented 29 percent.
所摄入的人工甜味剂中，软饮料的量占一半以上，而餐桌上食品的甜味剂占29% 。
table-top
表示“桌上用的，台式的；在桌上进行的”，英文解释为“used to refer to board games, card games, and other physical games, rather than computer games”如：table-top football games 桌面足球游戏 。
The study found that "higher risks were observed for breast cancer and obesity-related cancers".
该研究发现，“乳腺癌和肥胖相关癌症的风险更高” 。
obesity
obesity /obisti/ 表示“肥胖”，英文解释为“the fact of being extremely fat, in a way that is dangerous for health” 。
Touvier said "we cannot totally exclude biases linked to the lifestyle of consumers", calling for further research to confirm the study's results.


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