Java高并发编程详解-多线程架构与设计：线程间的通信同步、异步、阻塞、非阻塞概念同步和异

同步、异步、阻塞、非阻塞概念同步和异步结果的通知机制。自己问还是别人通知。同步：主动等待结果的返回。如阻塞等待，轮询（同步非阻塞）。异步：被动等待结果的返回。如消息回调。
阻塞和非阻塞结果返回以前，调用方的状态。等还是不等。阻塞：结果返回以前，什么也不干。
非阻塞：在结果返回以前，可以先做一些其他事情。
Monitor锁下面所说的获取monitor锁都是指的先使用synchronized获取对象锁不应该叫synchronized（mutex）为锁，而应该是某个线程获取了与mutex关联的monitor锁。
wait 与 notify【Java高并发编程详解-多线程架构与设计：线程间的通信】wait 理解成线程在等待直到该对象可用。（被notify后就不再等待）
notify理解成线程通知该对象可用。
使用wait的注意事项

wait必须在同步方法中使用，因为wait必须由拥有monitor（已用synchronize获取锁）的线程调用。
wait可以被中断，为了防止wait被interrupt唤醒， wait方法需要在循环中使用。
使用wait后自动释放线程对应的锁。 –release ownership of this monitor
wait会等待直到其他线程调用notify/notifyAll唤醒。 –waits until anthoer thread notifies threads waiting on this object’s monitor to wake up…
被notify/notifyAll唤醒后会重新获得锁的拥有权,然后接着执行。 –re-obtain ownership of the monitor and resumes execution.
线程调用wait后，会加入与之对应的wait set.每个对象都有一个与之对应的wait set.使用notify会将其中一个弹出， notifyAll弹出所有线程。 (C5.3.2)Causes the current thread to wait until another thread invokes the* {@link java.lang.Object#notify()} method or the* {@link java.lang.Object#notifyAll()} method for this object.* In other words, this method behaves exactly as if it simply* performs the call {@code wait(0)}.** The current thread must own this object’s monitor. The thread* releases ownership of this monitor and waits until another thread* notifies threads waiting on this object’s monitor to wake up* either through a call to the {@code notify} method or the* {@code notifyAll} method. The thread then waits until it can* re-obtain ownership of the monitor and resumes execution.* As in the one argument version, interrupts and spurious wakeups are* possible, and this method should always be used in a loop:* synchronized (obj) {* while ()* obj.wait();* … // Perform action appropriate to condition* }* This method should only be called by a thread that is the owner* of this object’s monitor. See the {@code notify} method for a* description of the ways in which a thread can become the owner of a monitor.

使用notify的注意