科学网|《自然》(20201022出版)一周论文导读


编译 | 李言
科学网|《自然》(20201022出版)一周论文导读
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天文学Astronomy
Stellar clustering shapes the architecture of planetary systems
恒星群塑造行星系统的结构
▲ 作者:Andrew J. Winter, J. M. Diederik Kruijssen, Steven N. Longmore & Mélanie Chevance
▲ 链接:
▲ 摘要
量化行星系统的结构是如何受到这些环境过程的影响是很有挑战性的 , 因为恒星群在空间上分散的时间不到10亿年 , 远低于大多数已知的系外行星的年龄 。
在此 , 我们在盖亚收集的观测数据中 , 识别出了围绕系外行星主恒星的旧的、共动的恒星群 , 并证明了行星系的结构在位置-速度相空间中 , 对局部恒星群有很强的依赖性 。
在控制了主恒星的年龄、质量、金属丰度和与恒星的距离后 , 我们得到相空间密度过高(共动恒星数量多于非结构空间)与场在行星系性质上的显著差异(p值为10?5~ 10?2) 。 相空间高密度行星的半长轴和轨道周期中值分别为0.087天文单位和9.6天 , 而围绕场恒星的行星的半长轴和轨道周期分别为0.81天文单位和154天 。
“热木星”(质量大、周期短的系外行星)主要存在于恒星相空间密度过高的环境中 , 这表明它们的极端轨道起源于环境的扰动 , 而不是内部迁移或行星间的散射 。 我们的发现揭示了恒星群是决定行星系结构的关键因素 。
▲ Abstract
It is challenging to quantify how the architecture of planetary sysems is affected by these environmental processes, because stellar groups spatially disperse within less than a billion years, well below the ages of most known exoplanets. Here we identify old, co-moving stellar groups around exoplanet host stars in the astrometric data from the Gaia satellite and demonstrate that the architecture of planetary systems exhibits a strong dependence on local stellar clustering in position-velocity phase space. After controlling for host stellar age, mass, metallicity and distance from the star, we obtain highly significant differences (with p values of10?5to10?2) in planetary system properties between phase space overdensities (composed of a greater number of co-moving stars than unstructured space) and the field. The median semi-major axis and orbital period of planets in phase space overdensities are 0.087 astronomical units and 9.6 days, respectively, compared to 0.81 astronomical units and 154 days, respectively, for planets around field stars. ‘Hot Jupiters’ (massive, short-period exoplanets) predominantly exist in stellar phase space overdensities, strongly suggesting that their extreme orbits originate from environmental perturbations rather than internal migration or planet–planet scattering. Our findings reveal that stellar clustering is a key factor setting the architectures of planetary systems.量子物理Quantum Physics
Integrated optical multi-ion quantum logic
集成光学多离子量子逻辑
▲ 作者:Karan K. Mehta, Chi Zhang, Maciej Malinowski, Thanh-Long Nguyen, Martin Stadler & Jonathan P. Home
▲ 链接:
▲ 摘要
在基本操作的错误率和规模两方面 , 实用和有用的量子信息处理都需要对现有系统进行实质性的改进 。
在此 , 我们使用可伸缩光学器件和表面电极离子阱来实现高保真多离子量子逻辑门 , 这通常是建立精确、大规模量子纠缠的限制因素 , 而量子纠缠是量子计算的关键 。


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