博士|如何才能写出一篇高质量Literature Review？
_原题为 如何才能写出一篇高质量Literature Review？
【 本文由曼汉教育原创发布 ， 如需转载 ， 请联系原公众号：曼汉教育曼博士 MINHAND_EDU， 一站式科研学术服务平台 海外博士孵化领航品牌】
文章图片
不管你是硕士在读还是申博中
又或者是你已经是博士一枚
正在进行研究
相信大家都有一个共同的难题
怎么写一篇高质量的Literature Review
把你看到的学者观点一条条列出来
显然只是第一步
如何把他们的观点串联起来
并深入探讨引出自己的问题
这才是LR的精髓啊！
PhD的同学们更是要注重LR ，
毕竟这是做研究的基础~
同时在正文的撰写中 ，
critical engagement也是必不可少的元素 。
不过要做到批判性
确实还是非常难的！
很多同学都不知道该如何入手？
今天小曼就给大家支一支招吧
文章图片
首先 ， 什么是critical engagement？
它指的是运用你的批判性思维进行写作 ，
你的文章应该同时包括 ，
描述性写作（deive writing）和
批判写作（critical writing） 。
在写作过程中 ，
既要有自己的低阶思维能力
（lower-order thinking skills）
比如总结和呈报 ，
( summarizing and reporting)
也要锻炼高阶思维能力
（higher-order thinking skills）
比如分析和批判。
(analyzing or critiquing)
低阶思维能力
文章图片
Summarizing 总结
- A summary is a condensed version of a larger reading. The purpose of a summary is to accurately describe the main points and the important details of the piece in your own words, so that someone who has not read the text could understand it. Summaries give a broad overview of the original material, focusing on the who/what/where/when/why and major takeaways. Your job is to interpret the text for your reader.
- Summaries should be fairly short and significantly shorter than the work itself. If your summary is close to the overall length of the work, chances are you are simply paraphrasing the majority of the work rather than summarizing. If the summary is too short, then you probably missed some important points.
- While you read, write down the central points of each section in your own words. Write down the key support points for the main topic, but do not include minor detail. Then use these notes to help you write your summary.
- Early on, you may want to use this formula to identify the title, author, and source of the piece: "In "Title of the Piece", author's name (year)argues/claims/reports/contends/maintains/states/shows that: main idea/argument. The author supports the main idea by using ... and showing that ... ."
- For a one-paragraph summary, discuss each supporting point in a separate sentence. Give one or two explanations for each supporting point, summarizing the information from the original. For a multi-paragraph summary, discuss each supporting point in a separate paragraph. Introduce it in the first sentence (topic sentence).
- Always use present tense to discuss the essay and facts from the essay.
- Use direct quotes from the text or paraphrase examples to support your claims. Paraphrasing should be done more than quoting, which should be kept to a minimum. Quoting can be effective with unique language that is hard to paraphrase or when you want to highlight an important point of the argument. Visit this page to learn about the differences between quoting, paraphrasing, and summarizing.
- Do not interject your personal opinion into a summary and avoid using the first person ("I" statements). The material should be presented in a neutral fashion and should fairly represent the author's ideas. Save your ideas and interpretations of the material for your analysis.
- Consider writing a main point summary, key points summary, or outline summary
推荐阅读
- 家庭教育|孩子青春期“易燃易爆”，家长如何逞强与示弱？
- 第一心理|北大女学生服药自杀：PUA专家都是如何操控女性思想的？
- 经验教程|有钱说赢销：微信小商店是什么？功能有哪些？如何申请开通？
- 山火|美国加州陷入“灾难中的灾难” 如何解困成为无解难题
- 市属医院|北京市属医院“十四五”如何规划？请您提意见
- 油炸食品|油炸食品，怎么吃才能快乐不罪恶
- 应采儿|陈小春帮妻儿削水果，Jasper举动被拍下，教养如何很明显
- 北美观察丨美国加州陷入“灾难中的灾难” 如何解困成为无解难题
- 北京高校陆续开学 学生返校后校园生活如何？
- 进行|北京高校陆续开学 学生返校后校园生活如何？
